Research Progress and Key Issues on Thermodynamic Characteristics and Thermal Compatibility of Grouting Materials for Cave Rocks Under Temperature Cycling

This study investigates the thermodynamic properties of grouting materials used in fractured rock masses of cave temples and their thermal compatibility with the host rock, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the optimal design of reinforcement materials in cave temple conservation. Grotto temples represent a vital component of China's cultural heritage. The rocks of these structures are highly susceptible to thermal deterioration under natural cyclic temperature variations. In particular, the significant discrepancies in thermophysical properties among the constituent parts of the composite structure—specifically between grouting materials and the surrounding rock—induce thermally driven degradation, an issue that warrants considerable attention. The thermophysical properties of grouting materials are markedly influenced by various factors, including compositional ratios and moisture content. However, systematic investigations into the thermodynamic behavior of grouting materials used for fractured rocks in cave temples remain notably insufficient. Consequently, investigating the thermal compatibility between grouting materials and grotto temple rocks is of paramount importance for enhancing reinforcement efficacy and ensuring the long-term conservation of this cultural heritage. Future research should prioritize elucidating the thermodynamic characteristics of grouting materials and their responses to differential thermal expansion relative to the rock mass. Such insights will provide a robust theoretical foundation for the modification and development of advanced grouting materials tailored for heritage preservation.