Inducement Coefficients for Smart Port Logistics Equipment Technology: An Input–Output Analysis for Korea

Countries operating major container ports without a domestic equipment supply base are pursuing self-reliance in smart port technology, but such programmes are hard to assess because their effects diffuse across the economy through inter-industry linkages. This study estimates inducement coefficients for the Korean Smart Port Technology Self-Reliance Equipment Development Project. Using the 2023 Input–Output Tables of the Bank of Korea, the programme is defined at the basic-sector level: 67 of the 380 basic sectors, spanning port equipment manufacture, construction, logistics services, software, and R&D, are extracted from their parent groups and consolidated into one sector, leaving the unrelated residuals endogenous. That sector is exogenously specified, capturing only repercussions on the remaining 33 sectors. A KRW 1 increase in programme output induces KRW 0.8358 of production and KRW 0.2958 of value added elsewhere, and KRW 1 billion induces 2.9758 jobs; on the domestic table these fall to KRW 0.5163, KRW 0.1872, and 1.9912 jobs, so about two-fifths of the gross inducement leaks abroad through imports. Production inducement falls upstream in materials, value-added, and employment inducement downstream in services. On the supply side, a KRW 1 shortfall in the sector’s domestic supply disrupts KRW 0.4013 of production among its users, and the sector shows the highest forward-linkage sensitivity of the 34-sector system. Eleven alternative delineations leave the structural findings unchanged. The coefficient vector is reported in full, so the estimates are reproducible.