The RISER Formula: A Mathematical Framework for Quantifying Relative Interchangeable Space Expansion Rate

This paper presents The RISER Formula (Relative Interchangeable Space Expansion Rate), a quantitative framework for space expansion and its relationship to gravity. The formula is expressed as x = D(2.4 × 10^-18)^s, where D is distance and s is time in seconds. It argues that space expansion operates on a percentage basis rather than absolute speed, which can make expansion appear to accelerate even when the percentage rate is constant. The paper explores implications for gravity as differential expansion between matter and empty space, and discusses connections to cosmology and quantum phenomena. Author: John W. Martin (independent researcher). Also available at: https://www.sciocore.com/riser/