Pumped Hydropower versus Battery Storage Systems in Neom Mountains: A TOPSIS Analysis Approach

This study presents a comparative analysis between hydropower storage systems (HPSS) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage in NEOM Mountain. The study is significant for engineering practices by bridging a literature gap in comparing two energy storage systems, HPSS, and LIBs, by evaluating their strengths and weaknesses through key metrics. The study employs TOPSIS to evaluate economic, environmental, social, and system sustainability impacts. The study was conducted by inviting 208 professionals working on the project to weigh the criteria and impacts through a survey. Data was calculated and analyzed in TOPSIS. Data showed that HPSS is the preferred choice. Despite the constraints faced, such as financial limitations and cultural considerations, this study provides valuable insights for sustainable energy decisions in NEOM.