Trauma exposure, acculturation stress, and tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and amphetamine-type stimulant use among Syrian-origin adolescents under temporary protection in Türkiye: a 12-month longitudinal mediation analysis

Substance use among displaced Syrian-origin adolescents was elevated, persistent, and age-concentrated. Pediatric and school health services can embed brief, bilingual, trauma-informed screening into routine visits and link identified adolescents - particularly those aged 16-18 years - to confidential, low-threshold referral pathways.