Eudaimonic well-being in relation to urban nature: pathways to multiple nature values

Urban nature is increasingly recognized as essential for mental well-being. This study examines eudaimonic well-being – value-based, deeper well-being – by exploring how nature supports self-acceptance, autonomy, purpose in life, personal growth, good social relations, and environmental mastery among users of preventive psychosocial services provided by mental health associations. A creative writing method was developed to capture personal, well-being–enhancing experiences of nature. In-depth qualitative data from mental health association service users (n = 15) provides insights that also contribute to the broader discussion on eudaimonia within the framework of nature values. Findings emphasize nature’s significance in fostering environmental mastery and social relationships. Feelings of accomplishment and agency were frequently described, along with depictions of nature as a setting for meaningful interactions with people, animals, and plants. These encounters with more-than-human beings and moments of shared presence emerged as sources of contentment. Participants also described experiences of feeling small yet connected to something bigger, where the perceived purposefulness of nature extends to human life. Moreover, five pathways were identified linking eudaimonic well-being with the instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values of nature. The results provide valuable insights for professionals working in urban planning. Meaningful places were often located nearby, such as hospital courtyards or home gardens, underscoring the importance of accessibility. Providing accessible green spaces and fostering encounters with old natural elements, such as old trees, can promote human flourishing and good life. Overall, the study demonstrates that accessible urban nature supports belonging, agency, and social relations, highlighting the importance of inclusive, community-oriented urban planning.