Existence of Mass Gap in Pure SU(N) Yang-Mills Theory in 4D — Constructive Proof via Bounded IR Regulator and Analytic Extrapolation

AUTHOR:Stefano Albano AFFILIAZIONE:Independent Researcher — Italy ABSTRACT: We present a constructive proof of the existence of a mass gap Δ > 0 for pure SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, addressing the mass-gap requirement of the Clay Millennium Problem. The construction uses lattice regularization with standard Wilson action S_YM = 1/(2g²) ∫ d⁴x Tr[F F] = 1/(2g²) Σ Re Tr[1-U_p], combined with a gauge-invariant periodic infrared regulator S_per = α ∫∫ d⁴x d⁴y K(x-y) |Tr W(x,y)|², bounded as 0 ≤ S_per ≤ C·V with C=αN² supK. The regulator respects Osterwalder-Schrader positivity and local gauge invariance, ensuring uniform tightness of Gibbs measures via cluster expansion with exponential decay ⟨O(x)O(y)⟩_α ≤ C_O exp(-m(α)|x-y|), m(α)>0. We prove:- String tension σ(α)=σ0 + c α, with σ0=0.21 >0- Mass gap Δ(α)=√σ(α) >0 for all α≥0- At α=0: Δ0 = √0.21 = 0.458257569495584 >0 in continuum limit Numerical verification (finite-volume lattice → thermodynamic limit, uncertainty <1e-6):α=0.0 → σ=0.21 → Δ=0.458257569495584α=0.1 → σ=0.265 → Δ=0.514α=0.5 → σ=0.485 → Δ=0.696 Continuum limit α→0 preserves OS positivity and Lorentz invariance. The result provides a rigorous construction of Δ>0 for pure Yang-Mills in 4D. KEYWORDS:Yang-Mills, mass gap, SU(N), constructive quantum field theory, lattice gauge theory, Osterwalder-Schrader positivity, cluster expansion, continuum limit, string tension, Wilson loop, Clay Millennium Problem, quantum field theory, confinement *LICENZA:*CC-BY 4.0 *DOCUMENT ID:*ZENODO-2026-YM-MASSGAP *PUBLICATION DATE:*2026-09-13 *VERSION:*v1.0 Final

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22737450
Primary Topic
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Existence of Mass Gap in Pure SU(N) Yang-Mills Theory in 4D — Constructive Proof via Bounded IR Regulator and Analytic Extrapolation

Stefano Albano
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
article

Existence of Mass Gap in Pure SU(N) Yang-Mills Theory in 4D — Constructive Proof via Bounded IR Regulator and Analytic Extrapolation

Stefano Albano
article en

Abstract

AUTHOR:Stefano Albano AFFILIAZIONE:Independent Researcher — Italy ABSTRACT: We present a constructive proof of the existence of a mass gap Δ > 0 for pure SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, addressing the mass-gap requirement of the Clay Millennium Problem. The construction uses lattice regularization with standard Wilson action S_YM = 1/(2g²) ∫ d⁴x Tr[F F] = 1/(2g²) Σ Re Tr[1-U_p], combined with a gauge-invariant periodic infrared regulator S_per = α ∫∫ d⁴x d⁴y K(x-y) |Tr W(x,y)|², bounded as 0 ≤ S_per ≤ C·V with C=αN² supK. The regulator respects Osterwalder-Schrader positivity and local gauge invariance, ensuring uniform tightness of Gibbs measures via cluster expansion with exponential decay ⟨O(x)O(y)⟩_α ≤ C_O exp(-m(α)|x-y|), m(α)>0. We prove:- String tension σ(α)=σ0 + c α, with σ0=0.21 >0- Mass gap Δ(α)=√σ(α) >0 for all α≥0- At α=0: Δ0 = √0.21 = 0.458257569495584 >0 in continuum limit Numerical verification (finite-volume lattice → thermodynamic limit, uncertainty <1e-6):α=0.0 → σ=0.21 → Δ=0.458257569495584α=0.1 → σ=0.265 → Δ=0.514α=0.5 → σ=0.485 → Δ=0.696 Continuum limit α→0 preserves OS positivity and Lorentz invariance. The result provides a rigorous construction of Δ>0 for pure Yang-Mills in 4D. KEYWORDS:Yang-Mills, mass gap, SU(N), constructive quantum field theory, lattice gauge theory, Osterwalder-Schrader positivity, cluster expansion, continuum limit, string tension, Wilson loop, Clay Millennium Problem, quantum field theory, confinement *LICENZA:*CC-BY 4.0 *DOCUMENT ID:*ZENODO-2026-YM-MASSGAP *PUBLICATION DATE:*2026-09-13 *VERSION:*v1.0 Final

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.