The relativistic Galperin billiard: π becomes a complete elliptic integral

In Galperin's billiard, the collision count between a heavy block, a light block, and a wall yields the digits of π in the Newtonian regime. When relativistic kinematics are included, the count converges to a complete elliptic integral of the first kind governed by the scaling parameter w = β√M. The Newtonian value f(0) = π is recovered in the zero-velocity limit, with leading corrections determining when each digit of π is lost. Accompanying code reproduces all collision counts, scaling laws, and Abel inversion reconstructions.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22736402
Primary Topic
Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
Type
preprint
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preprint

The relativistic Galperin billiard: π becomes a complete elliptic integral

ZAKARIA GHARZOULI
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
preprint

The relativistic Galperin billiard: π becomes a complete elliptic integral

ZAKARIA GHARZOULI
preprint en

Abstract

In Galperin's billiard, the collision count between a heavy block, a light block, and a wall yields the digits of π in the Newtonian regime. When relativistic kinematics are included, the count converges to a complete elliptic integral of the first kind governed by the scaling parameter w = β√M. The Newtonian value f(0) = π is recovered in the zero-velocity limit, with leading corrections determining when each digit of π is lost. Accompanying code reproduces all collision counts, scaling laws, and Abel inversion reconstructions.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
VirtualDive (France) (FR)
Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
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