ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE DIRECT PARTICIPATORY POLITICAL SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT This document synthesises literature retrieved from four Google Scholar alert updates regarding direct participatory governance, economic efficiency, and the systemic constraints of representative structures. By examining empirical and theoretical contributions across environmental management, public administration, fiscal risk, and political engagement, this review contrasts the traditional representative paradigm with the Direct Participatory Political System. The findings highlight how direct civic inclusion reduces transaction costs, mitigates elite capture, and aligns public expenditure with long-term fiscal sustainability and social welfare.