Enhancing Thermosyphon Flat‐Plate Solar Collectors With Magnetic Fields: An Energy and Exergy Review

ABSTRACT With increasing global energy demand, it has become imperative to develop new methods to improve the efficiency of renewable energy systems. One of those solutions, with high potential to improve the performance of solar thermal systems, involves using nanofluids and external magnetic fields. This paper studies the heating of a thermosyphon heat pipe used in the aerospace industry by a flat‐plate solar collector, drawing on combined knowledge of thermal engineering, materials science, and applied physics, as well as nanoparticle (NP) fluids and magnetic materials. This study examines the effects of NP suspensions (Fe 3 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 ) as additives on thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer. Also, it investigates the ability of magnetic fields to organize particles and flow structures to maximize heat distribution within the system. The way energy moves, the thickness of a liquid, and how disorder is created are all examined using tools that help assess how well a system works and how well it will work over time, what the liquid is made of, and how magnets and the shape of things are used. We compare ways of setting things up to see what is good and what is bad about each one, and we pay special attention to how disorder is created by the liquid moving and by magnetic fields. This shows that it is very important to get all the parts of the system working together properly so it works as well as it can. When something is made, it shows whether the system will really work for a time.