A novel multi‐criteria decision analysis approach for flotation process design under uncertainties

Abstract This study develops a novel approach for flotation process design from the perspectives of multiple criteria and multiple uncertainties, with the final product being an optimal solution set to support subsequent equipment design and operational optimization. First, a flotation superstructure is established for the treatment of copper sulphide ores, involving abundant alternatives with various circuit layouts and cell volumes. To achieve the multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for the process design, this study evaluates each alternative from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. Then, under the uncertainties related to feed properties, model parameters, and metal prices, fuzzy expected‐interval values are integrated with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to identify optimal alternatives within the superstructure. Finally, an optimal solution set that includes the deterministic optimal solution can be obtained, in which the preferred alternative depends on design requirements. Moreover, the optimal solution set has better robustness to the fluctuations of uncertain factors. In general, a novel MCDA approach founded on fuzzy set theory is proposed to support the early‐phase design of flotation processes, and the fuzzy expected‐interval values of evaluation criteria provide useful guidance for further design.