High entropy electrocatalysts derived from metal organic frameworks for the oxygen evolution reaction: Recent progress and perspectives

Metal organic framework (MOF) derived high-entropy electrocatalysts (HEECs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to their unique compositional complexity, structural tunability, and exceptional catalytic performance. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in this interdisciplinary field, with a focus on the rational design, synthetic strategies, structural evolution, and structure-activity relationships of HEECs derived from MOF precursors. Based on distinct material phases, including high entropy alloys, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, and phosphides, the underlying mechanisms by which the high-entropy environment modulates electronic structures, reaction pathways, and intermediate adsorption behaviors are critically examined. Particular emphasis is placed on the multi-metal synergistic effects that govern the catalytic activity and stability, as well as the dynamic structural reconstruction under operating conditions. Key challenges are further discussed, including the need for atomic scale synthetic precision, in-depth understanding of dynamic structural evolution, and enhanced operational stability under practical conditions. By offering a comprehensive overview of current progress and outlining future research directions, this review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational design and controlled synthesis of MOF derived high-entropy electrocatalysts, thereby advancing the development of efficient and durable catalysts for sustainable energy conversion technologies.