Integrating biodiversity risk into the blue economy: A nature-based solutions approach for sustainable business

The loss of marine biological diversity has accelerated in recent decades due to growing human impacts such as climate change, pollution, overfishing and habitat degradation. It is critical to preserve marine environments that offer invaluable ecosystem services and substantial economic value. The article aims to discuss the mechanisms by which Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) and blue economy approaches can support biodiversity conservation in the private sector. Using a literature-based synthesis, the study develops a conceptual model illustrating the relationship between marine resource use, ecosystem restoration and sustainable business operations. The research focuses on coastal and pelagic ecosystems, including mangrove, seagrass communities and planktonic ecosystems, with specific consideration given to systems threatened by the impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs). The integration of Indigenous Knowledge and Local Communities into adaptive participatory management practices is also highlighted. The ability of NbS to provide potential solutions for the ecological–economic balance is also discussed, despite limited empirical validation of studies.