National Trends in Education and Employment Outcomes for Canadians With Developmental Disabilities and Autism: Findings From the 2017 and 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the demographic characteristics, educational attainment, and employment outcomes of Canadians with developmental disabilities (DD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the 2017 and 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD) cycles. METHODS: Data were derived from the 2017 and 2022 CSD datasets and their respective Census linkages. The primary outcomes of interest were employment status and educational attainment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic, educational, and employment characteristics for individuals with DD and ASD compared to those with any disability and without disabilities. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds of employment among individuals with DD and ASD relative to the comparison groups. RESULTS: While education and employment outcomes improved for Canadians with DD and ASD between 2017 and 2022, disparities remain compared to those with other disabilities and without disabilities. Analysis also revealed notable differences in the education and employment experiences of Canadians with DD and ASD, such as access to accommodations and supports in both environments. Several demographic and contextual variables were identified as significant predictors of employment for individuals with disabilities, including disability type. CONCLUSIONS: Despite progress in education and employment outcomes for Canadians with DD and ASD, structural and systemic barriers continue to limit their full participation in society, highlighting areas for policy action.