Voice or Mask? Stylometric Forensic Analysis of Two Contemporary Nigerian Poets

The era of fluent large language models has destabilised a long-standing assumption in authorship attribution: that a writer's surface features are difficult to imitate at scale. This paper tests that assumption against two contemporary Nigerian poets, Sule Egya (E.E. Sule) and Toyin Shittu, whose published work spans poetry, critical prose, and academic articles from 2009 to 2025. The corpus is public. Sixteen human passages (7,151 words) and sixteen LLM imitations (2,623 words) were produced across two free-tier models (nex-agi/nex-n2.5-mini and nex-nagi/nex-n2.5-pro via OpenRouter). Stylometric features per passage include sentence length distribution, type-token ratio, mean word length, punctuation density, function-word ratio, and a vowel-group syllable estimate. Across both authors the LLM imitations show measurably higher type-token ratio (lexical diversity) and lower mean syllables per word than the human originals. For Egya, human TTR is 0.59 against LLM 0.77; syllables drop from 1.65 to 1.44. For Shittu, human TTR is 0.54 against LLM 0.64; syllables drop from 1.94 to 1.73. The lexical signature holds across both authors and both models. I argue that these signals support the continued forensic defensibility of authorship attribution in the era of fluent LLMs, while acknowledging the scope-bound constraints: a 16-passage corpus per condition and two LLM providers tested. A larger multi-model evaluation is future work.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22725021
Primary Topic
Authorship Attribution and Profiling
Type
preprint
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Voice or Mask? Stylometric Forensic Analysis of Two Contemporary Nigerian Poets

Rabiu Raji
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Authorship Attribution and Profiling
preprint

Voice or Mask? Stylometric Forensic Analysis of Two Contemporary Nigerian Poets

Rabiu Raji
preprint en

Abstract

The era of fluent large language models has destabilised a long-standing assumption in authorship attribution: that a writer's surface features are difficult to imitate at scale. This paper tests that assumption against two contemporary Nigerian poets, Sule Egya (E.E. Sule) and Toyin Shittu, whose published work spans poetry, critical prose, and academic articles from 2009 to 2025. The corpus is public. Sixteen human passages (7,151 words) and sixteen LLM imitations (2,623 words) were produced across two free-tier models (nex-agi/nex-n2.5-mini and nex-nagi/nex-n2.5-pro via OpenRouter). Stylometric features per passage include sentence length distribution, type-token ratio, mean word length, punctuation density, function-word ratio, and a vowel-group syllable estimate. Across both authors the LLM imitations show measurably higher type-token ratio (lexical diversity) and lower mean syllables per word than the human originals. For Egya, human TTR is 0.59 against LLM 0.77; syllables drop from 1.65 to 1.44. For Shittu, human TTR is 0.54 against LLM 0.64; syllables drop from 1.94 to 1.73. The lexical signature holds across both authors and both models. I argue that these signals support the continued forensic defensibility of authorship attribution in the era of fluent LLMs, while acknowledging the scope-bound constraints: a 16-passage corpus per condition and two LLM providers tested. A larger multi-model evaluation is future work.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quality Education
Authorship Attribution and Profiling
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Voice or Mask? Stylometric Forensic Analysis of Two Contemporary Nigerian Poets — Rabiu Raji · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS