The Axis of Resistance: Iran, Israel, and the Struggle for the Middle East By HamidrezaAzizi. Polity Press, 2026. 276 pages. $24.95, paper.

{"The":[0],"Axis":[1,211],"of":[2,11,87,109,129,152,166,212,242,267,371],"Resistance":[3],"has":[4,20,30,50],"gained":[5],"much":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,26,39,92,95,99,103,156,221,237,246,300,317],"the":[9,12,21,40,51,97,106,126,130,141,149,153,163,188,210,214,239,243,256,271,305,339,349],"aftermath":[10],"October":[13,215],"7,":[14],"2023,":[15],"Hamas":[16,94,335],"attacks":[17,217,351],"on":[18,140,253,278,352],"Israel.Why":[19],"axis":[22,52,257,272],"encountered":[23],"severe":[24],"challenges":[25],"recent":[27],"years,":[28],"and":[29,63,81,89,105,114,138,171,179,193,218,225,248,259,297,304,311,366,369],"its":[31,134,194,199,262],"demise":[32],"become":[33],"inevitable":[34],"given":[35],"new":[36],"political":[37,310],"dynamics":[38],"Middle":[41,143],"East?Has":[42],"Iran's":[43,110,227],"regional":[44,111],"deterrence":[45],"been":[46],"irreparably":[47],"degraded,":[48],"or":[49,375],"morphed":[53],"into":[54,264,292],"a":[55,78,84,265,274,279],"more":[56,82,280],"decentralized,":[57],"resilient":[58],"force?In":[59],"his":[60],"intriguing,":[61],"provocative,":[62],"well-researched":[64],"volume,":[65],"Hamidreza":[66],"Azizi":[67,73],"tackles":[68],"these":[69,285],"questions":[70],"head-on.The":[71],"axis,":[72],"argues,":[74],"operates":[75],"less":[76],"as":[77,83,209,295,326],"monolithic":[79],"bloc":[80],"loose":[85],"cluster":[86],"actors":[88,299],"alliances:":[90],"Hezbollah":[91,236],"Lebanon,":[93,223,238,302],"Gaza,":[96,222],"Houthis":[98],"Yemen,":[100,226,303],"Shia":[101],"militias":[102],"Iraq,":[104,170,301],"Syrian":[107],"pillar":[108],"architecture.Internal":[112],"divisions":[113],"intrinsic":[115],"inconsistencies":[116],"have":[117],"generally":[118],"defined":[119],"this":[120,203],"network.The":[121],"book":[122],"begins":[123],"by":[124],"exploring":[125],"historical":[127],"roots":[128],"axis.It":[131],"then":[132],"analyzes":[133],"formation,":[135],"evolution,":[136],"transformation,":[137],"impact":[139],"shifting":[142],"Eastern":[144],"order.Azizi":[145],"traces":[146],"events":[147],"following":[148],"2002":[150],"State":[151],"Union":[154],"address":[155],"which":[157],"President":[158],"George":[159],"W.":[160],"Bush":[161],"coined":[162],"term":[164],"\\"axis":[165],"evil,\\"":[167],"connecting":[168],"Iran,":[169],"North":[172],"Korea":[173],"to":[174,176,185,206],"threats":[175],"global":[177],"peace":[178],"stability.The":[180],"Islamic":[181],"Republic's":[182],"leaders":[183],"decided":[184],"expand":[186],"both":[187],"nation's":[189],"military-geopolitical":[190],"strategic":[191,196,268,342],"depth":[192],"discursive":[195],"depth-that":[197],"is,":[198],"ideological":[200],"influence.Over":[201],"time,":[202,284],"backlash":[204],"came":[205],"be":[207],"known":[208],"Resistance.Following":[213],"7":[216],"Israeli":[219],"retaliations":[220],"Syria,":[224,247],"proxy":[228],"network":[229],"was":[230],"substantially":[231],"degraded.Israel's":[232],"major":[233],"offensive":[234],"against":[235],"2024":[240],"collapse":[241],"Assad":[244],"regime":[245],"increasing":[249],"domestic":[250],"economic":[251],"pressure":[252],"Iran":[254],"weakened":[255],"strategically":[258],"militarily,":[260],"forcing":[261],"members":[263],"period":[266],"restructuring.Ideologically,":[269],"however,":[270,347],"remains":[273],"steady":[275],"dynamic":[276],"force-albeit":[277],"limited":[281],"scale":[282],"(pp.7-8).Over":[283],"groups":[286],"were":[287,354],"transformed":[288],"from":[289],"Iranian":[290,332],"proxies":[291],"allies,":[293],"even":[294],"nonstate":[296],"semi-state":[298],"Palestinian":[306,340],"territories":[307],"developed":[308],"distinct":[309],"social":[312],"identities,":[313],"with":[314,356],"strong":[315],"constituencies":[316],"their":[318],"home":[319],"countries":[320],"(p.9).Azizi's":[321],"point":[322],"is":[323,344],"well":[324],"supported,":[325],"growing":[327],"evidence":[328],"shows":[329],"that":[330,348],"sustained":[331],"backing":[333],"for":[334,364],"did":[336],"not":[337],"eliminate":[338],"group's":[341],"autonomy.There":[343],"no":[345],"evidence,":[346],"2023":[350],"Israel":[353],"coordinated":[355],"Tehran's":[357],"prior":[358],"knowledge.All":[359],"rights":[360,363],"reserved,":[361],"including":[362],"text":[365],"data":[367],"mining":[368],"training":[370],"artificial":[372],"intelligence":[373],"technologies":[374],"similar":[376],"technologies.":[377]}