Free Will in Heaven Without Choosing
The tradition has been trying to keep two claims in the same room: the redeemed are free, and they cannot sin. On the usual picture of freedom — you are free only where you could have done otherwise — those two claims look like they should evict each other. Its defenders propose various mechanisms. A character freely formed in time that afterwards determines. A set of reasons reweighted until sin no longer even registers. God’s middle knowledge arranging the circumstances. Or a quiet concession on one of the two claims. The critics then walk the same mechanism past death and get purgatory, or they walk it far enough and get everyone restored. None of that starts from an inspection of choosing. An eliminative chain of 137 resolutions begins from a smaller observation: non-being requires being. It never starts from heaven, or from freedom, or from the will. What survives is one result that carries both theses, and both extensions. Choosing enters a being’s knowing by encounter, not by its own willing (R.73). Choosing is time (R.90): each “this, not that” walls off what is, and the succession of exclusions is time. When temporal existence ends, the being’s orientation is fixed (R.131). The being still wills. It does not choose. Its willing is what its choosing made it. The fixation is not imposed. It is the identity of choosing and time. Exactly two eternal states follow (R.133): permanent orientation toward generative flourishing (R.134), and the being’s own closure made eternal — not imposed, and not punishment (R.135). Freedom without alternatives is not special pleading against a principle. It is what Will is (R.11, R.12). ie. in response to that: the saints are not free-but-muzzled. They are no longer in the business to which muzzling would apply. The chain: Anything Willing Is, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19538257.Interactive edition, one anchor per resolution: https://anythingwilling.is/
Authors
- James Alexander Burrows (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6452-4842)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-09-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22723132
- Primary Topic
- Theology and Philosophy of Evil
- Type
- preprint