MITRAL VALVE DISEASE IN OLDER AGE – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Heart valve diseases are a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally; putting asignificant strain on healthcare resources. In developing countries, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains the most commontype of heart valve disease. Mitral valve disease is the most frequent of the valvular heart diseases. Mitral valve disease is adistressing and painful condition, and requires immediate attention before they result in death. The objective is to study theetiological profile of patients with mitral valve dysfunction. To study the clinical profile, complications and severity inpatients presenting with mitral valve dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study donefrom September 2019 to February 2021, at the Department of General Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital,Bambolim, Goa: A tertiary care hospital in Goa. A total of 50 patients, aged more than 13 years with mitral valvedysfunction and with the following grade of dysfunction. In case of MS – MVA ≤ 2 cm2. In case of MR - Regurgitantvolume ≥50ml and regurgitant fraction ≥40% were studied for etiological profile, clinical parameters laboratory andradiological parameters and complications. Data collected was tabulated and analysed to understand the various parameters.Results: Out of the 50 patients enrolled in the study 44% patients had MS and 38% had MR+MS. Mean age of the studypopulation was 41 to 50 years of which 54% patients were females. All isolated Mitral Stenosis patients were rheumaticorigin. Of the 9 MR patients, predominant form of MR was ischemic (66.66%), followed by rheumatic (22.22%) and MVP(11.11%).19 patients had MR+MS, predominant form was rheumatic (84.21%). It was also observed that 42% each of totalpatients had pulmonary hypertension and congestive cardiac failure, 40% had pulmonary edema, while 30% had atrialfibrillation as complications. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the most common valve dysfunction observed is mitralstenosis, with a female preponderance and its most common etiology being rheumatic. Further it was also observed that themost common complication is pulmonary hypertension and congestive cardiac failure.