Artificial Intelligence Versus Future of Journalism: A Conceptual Exploration of Human–AI Collaboration, Ethical Challenges, and the Transformation of News Production

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI technologies, has significantly transformed contemporary journalism practices. While AI-powered systems provide opportunities for automated news production, enhanced information processing, and personalised content delivery, they have also raised critical concerns regarding journalistic credibility, ethical responsibility, misinformation, and the future role of human journalists. This conceptual paper examines the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence and journalism by synthesising recent literature on AI adoption, computational journalism, and media ethics. Through a review and analysis of scholarly discussions, this paper proposes a Human–AI Collaborative Journalism Framework, suggesting that AI should not be viewed as a replacement for journalists but as a technological partner that enhances journalistic capabilities. The paper argues that the future of journalism depends on maintaining a balance between technological innovation and human-centred journalistic values, including accountability, critical judgement, and public trust.