Exploring Factors Influencing Vaccine Uptake From the Perspective of Physicians and Public: A Mixed Method Study

BACKGROUND: Immunisation is recognized worldwide as one of the key strategies for extending life expectancy and improving health outcomes. Developing a national policy that improves the vaccination rate against diseases requires the barriers and facilitators to be identified in KSA. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. A nationwide online cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised Sociodemographic data, Vaccine uptake assessment, Overall vaccine acceptance and hesitancy, the barriers and facilitators. Phase 2 conducted structured in-depth interviews with 20 healthcare providers. RESULTS: A total of 937 participants. Motivating factors for vaccine uptake include the belief that vaccines prevent or eliminate disease, physicians' recommendations, belief in vaccines' ability to minimise disease side effects, and MOH-mandated vaccination regulations. In Phase 2, most physicians encountered patients who were hesitant to take vaccines for themselves or their children. Physicians' concerns about particular vaccines long-term complications. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the growing literature. Vaccine distrust in various forms are prevalent among the population. To achieve sustained vaccine acceptance, it is essential to develop vaccination literacy programs to address misconceptions about vaccination.