Ocular Manifestations and Management of Graft-versus-Host-Disease - A Comprehensive Review.

BACKGROUND: Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is a critical complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, characterised by a T cell-mediated immune response that results in inflammation and damage to various ocular structures. SUMMARY: While the ocular surface is primarily affected, oGVHD can also impact other eye components, leading to debilitating symptoms. The diagnosis of oGVHD poses significant challenges due to its relapsing and remitting nature, complicating effective treatment strategies. Prompt identification of ocular manifestations is essential, as early intervention can prevent vision-threatening complications and improve patient outcomes. As research continues to evolve, understanding the underlying mechanisms and exploring innovative therapeutic options will be crucial in managing this complex condition effectively. KEY MESSAGE: This review highlights the importance of heightened awareness among healthcare providers regarding the ocular signs of GVHD, advocating for timely diagnosis and personalised treatment approaches.