Entrepreneurship in marine protected areas: A pathway to livelihood diversification and conservation in island communities

Fostering alternative livelihoods and building capacity within protected areas require the development of a sustainable business culture that ensures long-term economic benefits in these zones. This study examines the existing entrepreneurial landscape within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), identifies barriers to business participation, and evaluates the involvement of MPA entrepreneurs in capacity-building initiatives, given the significant potential for entrepreneurship in these regions. A descriptive survey design was employed using a standardized questionnaire, with data collected from 297 participants. The findings indicate that only 22.7% of respondents were engaged in business activities, primarily motivated by access to training programmemes and affordable capital. Conversely, over 30% reported substantial barriers to entrepreneurship, including a shortage of skilled labour, limited production capacity. Moreover, more than half of the respondents had not participated in any capacity-building training programmes. The main reasons cited were lack of awareness about available training opportunities, the remote location of training centres, limited financial incentives, insufficient post-training support, and inadequate skills for participation. Strengthening government support for sustainable tourism entrepreneurship through expanded training initiatives can help cultivate a stronger business culture, stimulate entrepreneurial activity, and attract more tourists to MPAs, ultimately contributing to inclusive and sustainable economic growth.