Measurement scale for push and pull factors of Chinese pedestrian streets

The concepts of push and pull theory have been proposed and extensively discussed in various studies, particularly in tourism research. However, push and pull theory in the field of pedestrian street is not addressed in the existing research. This study takes the perspective of pedestrian-street consumers, follows a systematic scale-development procedure, and uses samples from eight Chinese cities to develop and test a scale measuring perceived push and pull factors. The scale is composed of 11 dimensions for each of the push and pull domains. This study then examines the nomological validity by testing the associations between push and pull factors and revisit intention and recommendation intention. The results of the study support the nomological validity of the proposed relationships. This study does not propose push and pull as new constructs. Instead, it organizes and validates their context-specific manifestations within Chinese pedestrian streets and provides a culturally grounded measurement instrument for subsequent retail and consumer research. The evidence supports its initial applicability across the Chinese cities examined, while its cross-national applicability remains to be established.