Fragrance Safety in Sauna and Steam Bath Systems: A Scientific-Technical Guidance for System-Based Risk Assessment

This technical report presents a system-based risk assessment framework for the use of fragrances in sauna and steam bath applications. It addresses relevant exposure pathways and application-specific factors, including volatility, thermal and oxidative changes, inhalation exposure, carrier systems, aerosol formation, condensation and residue behaviour, system maintenance, and the protection of sensitive population groups. The framework is intended to support structured, transparent and application-specific safety assessment and decision-making for fragrance use under sauna and steam bath conditions.