Global trends and emerging hotspots in Sertoli cell research

Background: Sertoli cells play a pivotal role in spermatogenesis by supporting germ cell development and maintaining the blood–testis barrier. Understanding their functions is critical for addressing male infertility, a growing global health concern. This study aims to map the knowledge structure and research hotspots in Sertoli cell-related spermatogenesis through a bibliometric analysis. Methods: We retrieved literature from the Web of Science Core Collection (2000–2024) using keywords related to Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis. A total of 6268 articles were analyzed using bibliometric tools (CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R-Studio, and Scimago Graphica) to assess publication trends, collaborations, influential journals, and keyword evolution. Results: A total of 6268 relevant articles were included. The number of annual publications has remained relatively stable overall, from 211 articles in 2000 to 301 articles in 2024. The United States (1479 articles) and China (1324 articles) dominated research output. Leading institutions included the Population Council (USA) and Inserm (France). Core authors Cheng, C Yan (197 articles) and Mruk, Dolores D (115 articles) focused on Sertoli-germ cell interactions. The Biology of Reproduction journal ranked first in productivity. Keyword analysis revealed emerging hotspots: Co-culture, Androgen receptor expression, Heat stress, Testicular toxicity, and Insulin. Conclusion: This study highlights the rapid growth and global collaboration in Sertoli cell research. Current trends emphasize molecular mechanisms, environmental impacts, and therapeutic applications. Future research should prioritize interdisciplinary approaches, translational studies on male infertility, and the effects of environmental stressors on Sertoli cell function to address declining male fertility worldwide.