Prevalence and associated factors of probable postpartum depression among women receiving postnatal care at primary health care centers in Jordan

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant maternal mental health concern with implications for both mothers and infants. Evidence from Jordan is growing but remains variable across different settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of probable PPD and its associated factors among women attending postnatal care in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 471 postpartum women consecutively recruited from four purposively selected primary health care centers in Mafraq and Irbid governorates, Jordan. Women aged ≥ 18 years assessed at 4–6 weeks after delivery were interviewed using a structured, self-reported questionnaire. Probable (screen-positive) PPD was assessed using the Arabic Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with probable PPD. Using the EPDS cutoff ≥ 13, the prevalence of probable PPD was 13.4%. Higher prevalence was observed with lower cutoffs (24.6% at ≥ 10). Anemia showed the strongest association with PPD (adjusted OR 8.9; 95% CI 4.0–19.8). Additional associated factors included maternal age 26–35 years (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.2–11.3), age > 35 years (OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.5–21.0), major stressful life events in the past year (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2–6.4), and concerns about the infant’s health (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4–7.1). Probable PPD was identified in a substantial proportion of women attending primary care in Jordan. In this clinic-based sample, these factors may help identify women who warrant particular attention during postpartum mental health screening. Strengthening routine postpartum mental health screening within primary care is recommended.