Transition from Pediatric to Adult Endocrine Care in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Background and Objectives: The transition from pediatric to adult endocrine care represents a vulnerable period for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), given the risk of loss to follow-up and the evolving physiological and healthcare requirements associated with the transition to adulthood. This study aimed to compare structured and non-structured transition pathways in patients with CAH, focusing on the continuity of adult endocrine care and disease-specific hormonal, clinical, and treatment-related outcomes. Materials and Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study included patients with CAH who transitioned from pediatric to adult endocrine care and met predefined pediatric and adult follow-up eligibility criteria. Patients were classified according to whether the transition occurred through a structured multidisciplinary transition program or without participation in the structured program. Outcomes were evaluated during predefined observation periods before and after transfer and included continuity-of-care measures, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstenedione concentrations, achievement of predefined hormonal targets, body mass index (BMI), glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment, and CAH-related clinical outcomes. Results: Among 67 patients assessed for eligibility, 29 were included: 20 in the structured transition group and 9 in the non-structured transition group. Overall, 62.1% of the study population was female. No significant between-group differences were observed in continuity-of-care measures, including the pediatric-to-adult care gap, first-year adult visit frequency, maximum visit-free interval, first-year loss to follow-up, or active adult endocrine follow-up at the study cutoff. Pre-transition and post-transfer 17-OHP and androstenedione concentrations and achievement of predefined hormonal targets did not differ significantly between groups. No significant longitudinal changes in hormonal outcomes, BMI, or body-surface-area-adjusted hydrocortisone-equivalent glucocorticoid doses were observed within either group. At the study cutoff, 85.0% of patients in the structured group and 77.8% in the non-structured group remained under active adult endocrine follow-up. Conclusions: In this small single-center cohort, no significant differences in the continuity of adult endocrine follow-up or disease-specific outcomes were observed between structured and non-structured transition pathways. Most patients remained engaged with adult endocrine care, and hormonal control showed no evident deterioration following transfer in either group. Given the small sample size and high overall retention, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of equivalence between the two transition approaches.