Alterations in white matter integrity in patients with postherpetic neuralgia evidenced by peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity analysis

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) causes chronic neuropathic pain and reduced quality of life. The peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), based on MD histogram along the fractional anisotropy skeleton, has shown robustness and clinical relevance in other neurological disorders. Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 83 participants: 42 patients with PHN and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and data were analyzed using the FMRIB Software Library software. PSMD and conventional DTI metrics were computed and compared between groups. Results: = 0.002). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients with PHN showed altered white matter integrity, with increased PSMD, MD, and AD values compared to healthy controls. PSMD showed superior diagnostic performance over most conventional DTI metrics and may serve as promising marker of widespread white matter disruption in PHN at the group level.