Recent advances in catalytic hydroconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: Strategic guidelines for achieving high yield of value-added chemicals

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a pivotal biomass-derived platform chemical, exhibits exceptional versatility for conversion into high-value products ( e.g. , 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 2,5-dimethylfuran, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 3-hydroxymethylcyclopentanone). This review systematically summarizes recent advances in heterogeneous metal-based catalysts for HMF hydroconversion, encompassing noble metals (Pt, Pd, Ru, Au) and non-noble metals (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe). The focus is placed on structure-activity relationships, reaction pathways, and core factors governing product selectivity, including metal particle size, bimetallic synergism, support properties (acid-base characteristics, oxygen vacancies), and solvent effects. For each catalyst class, the mechanisms underlying HMF and H 2 adsorption, as well as the selective activation of C O, C C, and C O bonds, are discussed in detail. Additionally, strategies to suppress side reactions for targeted product synthesis are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are outlined, providing strategic guidelines for the rational design of efficient catalytic systems to maximize the yield of target products from HMF.