Local perceptions of Asiatic black bear conservation in a subsistence agriculture community of Mustang, Nepal

Abstract Human–wildlife interactions involving the Asiatic black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) present significant challenges for coexistence in Nepal. Despite the vulnerable status, this species remains understudied in Nepal, particularly concerning the threats it encounters and the perspectives of local people toward its conservation. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess perceived threats to Asiatic black bears, analyze crop use patterns, and understand local people's perceptions influencing conservation efforts for this species in Mustang district. Data collection methods included preliminary surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. The nonparametric chi‐square test was used for perception analysis, regression and ANOVA tests for crop loss estimation, and the Friedman test for threat analysis. Forest fires were identified as the most perceived threat to bears. Maize and buckwheat were reported as the most frequently foraged crops, likely reflecting both their availability and seasonal attractiveness to bears. Crop foraging showed significant correlations with locals' conservation attitudes and croplands' proximity to forests. The majority of respondents held negative perceptions toward bear conservation, which might be due to their personal experience in interactions with bears and the lack of adequate response of authority in addressing their loss. Because this study primarily relies on self‐reported perspectives from local communities, it captures important experiential and perceptual dimensions of human–wildlife interactions. Complementing this approach with additional socioecological data would further strengthen the basis for developing effective conflict‐resolution strategies.