Indigenous knowledge systems for climate resilient innovation in Ghana

The study examined how Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) promote sustainable climate action and digital transformation across Ghana’s ecological zones. Using IKS Theory, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, focus groups, and interviews, across the Northern, Middle Belt, and Coastal Zones to examine the relationship between IKS, technology adoption, and community resilience. Quantitative data showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) between IKS use and environmentally friendly behaviors, a moderate to strong relationship (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) between IKS use and the ability to adapt to climate change, and a moderate relationship (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) between IKS use and the stability of livelihoods. The Northern Zone had the highest IKS index score (M = 4.22, SD = 0.63), indicating strong management and care. The Middle Belt showed effective institutional collaboration (M = 3.85, SD = 0.71). Conversely, the Coastal Zone had lower IKS retention (M = 3.44, SD = 0.84), largely due to policy neglect and cultural erosion. Qualitative insights supported these results, highlighting the importance of intergenerational knowledge transfer, youth participation, and institutional cooperation in sustaining IKS-driven innovation. Based on these results, the study presents the IK-IT Framework (Indigenous Knowledge for Innovation and Transformation Framework). This participatory, context-sensitive model merges indigenous knowledge, youth-led innovation, and digital platforms to help communities become more resilient to climate change. The IK-IT Framework employs a collaborative process to document, co-design, digitize, validate, and integrate policies to embed IKS into national climate and innovation strategies. The study emphasizes that IKS is a dynamic, living system that can influence Africa's climate action efforts. Strengthening the connection between indigenous knowledge, technology, and policy will not only help African communities combat climate change but also foster inclusive, culturally relevant, and sustainable climate innovation.