The additive-square-free spectrum below 139

For a finite set T of real numbers, let g(T) be the largest possible length of a word over T containing no two adjacent nonempty blocks of equal length and equal sum; set g(T) = infinity if the lengths are unbounded. We classify all four-element sets with g(T) < 139. Up to affine changes of the alphabet, they consist of the known endpoint-sum family and seven isolated classes. The proof combines exhaustive searches for the isolated values with 77 explicit words that cover all remaining real parameters. The cutoff is sharp: g({0,2,3,7}) = 139. We also obtain a sharp cutoff of 167 within the family {0,1,x,x+2}, x > 1. The technical supplement contains the words and specifies the exact computations used in the proof. Preprint. Not externally peer reviewed. The main paper is accompanied by a required technical supplement and computational evidence archives.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22700368
Primary Topic
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
Type
preprint
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preprint

The additive-square-free spectrum below 139

Enkai Zhang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
preprint

The additive-square-free spectrum below 139

Enkai Zhang
preprint en

Abstract

For a finite set T of real numbers, let g(T) be the largest possible length of a word over T containing no two adjacent nonempty blocks of equal length and equal sum; set g(T) = infinity if the lengths are unbounded. We classify all four-element sets with g(T) < 139. Up to affine changes of the alphabet, they consist of the known endpoint-sum family and seven isolated classes. The proof combines exhaustive searches for the isolated values with 77 explicit words that cover all remaining real parameters. The cutoff is sharp: g({0,2,3,7}) = 139. We also obtain a sharp cutoff of 167 within the family {0,1,x,x+2}, x > 1. The technical supplement contains the words and specifies the exact computations used in the proof. Preprint. Not externally peer reviewed. The main paper is accompanied by a required technical supplement and computational evidence archives.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of Toronto (CA)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
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