Electrical performance assessment of an off-grid solar-wind hybrid power system for EV charging applications

The integration of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure with renewable-based autonomous power systems presents a promising approach for distributed energy deployment. This study evaluates the electrical performance of an off-grid solar-wind hybrid system designed to supply EV charging and lighting loads in Urla, Izmir, Türkiye. Optimal system sizing is performed using HOMER, followed by detailed electrical modeling and time-domain simulations in ETAP under realistic operating conditions. The system comprises photovoltaic arrays, a wind turbine, battery energy storage with bidirectional converters, supplying EV charging and lighting loads. A deterministic time-scheduled load profile is adopted to ensure reproducibility. Scenario-based analyses across multiple operating conditions, including reduced solar irradiance, wind turbine outage, and load curtailment, are conducted over three representative days corresponding to winter, summer, and transitional conditions. Results demonstrate sustained power balance and full supply reliability, achieving 0% unmet load across all scenarios. Voltage levels remain within tight operational limits, confirming electrical stability, while battery state-of-charge profiles indicate adequate energy availability and effective storage utilization. The findings validate the operational feasibility and electrical robustness of the proposed system under variable generation and dynamic loading conditions.