Kernel Fatty Oils of Cinnamomum chago Alleviate Functional Constipation by Improving Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function

Background: Cinnamomum chago (C. chago) B.S.Sun et H.L.Zhao, a rare tree species endemic to Yunnan Province of China, produces fruit kernels that are rich in fatty oils (CCKF); however, the potential health benefits of CCKF have not been previously reported. Method: We characterized the chemical composition of CCKF and evaluated its therapeutic potential in a rat model of loperamide-induced functional constipation (FC). Results: CCKF contained an abundance of dodecanoic acid, accounting for 70.18%. CCKF alleviated constipation by increasing fecal pellet output and moisture content, enhancing small intestinal propulsion rate, and ameliorating colonic pathological damage. Additionally, CCKF modulated gastrointestinal hormone levels and enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Furthermore, CCKF increased gut microbial diversity, altered the Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio, enriched potentially beneficial bacteria (including Kineothrix, Roseburia, Lacrimispora, and Lawsonibacter), and reduced Segatella abundance. CCKF may affect Arginine and proline metabolism, Biosynthesis of amino acids, D-Amino acid metabolism, etc. Conclusion: The present results provide a scientific basis for the potential application of CCKF as a functional food to alleviate functional constipation.