The Hubble Tension in the Light of GG-Theory: The Hubble Constant as One Reading of a Derived Expansion History H(t)

For a century, "how fast is the universe expanding?" was a question answered by measuring. By 2026 the measuring had split: read from the afterglow of the Big Bang, the rate comes out near 67 (in astronomers' units); read from the local ladder of stellar distances, 73.50 ± 0.81 — a seven-sigma gap that no single method explains. This paper reads the disagreement through GG-Theory, in which the expansion rate was never a number to be measured but a function of time to be derived: a six-dimensional geometry fixes the cosmic recipe as exact expressions in π, Einstein's equations turn that recipe into the entire history H(t), and today's value is one snapshot of the curve — expressible in a single analytic line in the three laboratory constants , G_N, ℏ and two integers of the theory's ledger, giving 66.6 ± 0.2 — on the afterglow side of the split, 1.6σ from the CMB combination. More than ten of the standard model's fitted numbers re-emerge, unfitted, at the percent level. The early measurement needs no new physics. The local 73.5 is then the puzzle — and not, this paper's audit finds, a settled consensus: the 2026 landscape's forty-five determinations span 67–73, the seven sigma certifying one superb network's internal agreement. The paper prices the local reading honestly: a derived +2–3% neighborhood lift, and a named, still-open calibration residual, confronted with the field's own published corrections. The referee is scheduled: gravitational-wave standard sirens read the rate with no ladder and no afterglow, and GG-Theory predicts they converge near 67 — about twenty-one events from now. Near 73, this paper is wrong, and says so in advance. Either way the century-old "constant" has finished its work: what remains to be tested is not a number but a law. Part of the GG-Theory program, a series of preprints developing a six-dimensional geometric framework and its consequences for particle physics, cosmology, and open-system dynamics. The complete series is available at https://preprints.arisaka-gg.org/

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22714778
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

The Hubble Tension in the Light of GG-Theory: The Hubble Constant as One Reading of a Derived Expansion History H(t)

K. Arisaka
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
preprint

The Hubble Tension in the Light of GG-Theory: The Hubble Constant as One Reading of a Derived Expansion History H(t)

K. Arisaka
preprint en

Abstract

For a century, "how fast is the universe expanding?" was a question answered by measuring. By 2026 the measuring had split: read from the afterglow of the Big Bang, the rate comes out near 67 (in astronomers' units); read from the local ladder of stellar distances, 73.50 ± 0.81 — a seven-sigma gap that no single method explains. This paper reads the disagreement through GG-Theory, in which the expansion rate was never a number to be measured but a function of time to be derived: a six-dimensional geometry fixes the cosmic recipe as exact expressions in π, Einstein's equations turn that recipe into the entire history H(t), and today's value is one snapshot of the curve — expressible in a single analytic line in the three laboratory constants , G_N, ℏ and two integers of the theory's ledger, giving 66.6 ± 0.2 — on the afterglow side of the split, 1.6σ from the CMB combination. More than ten of the standard model's fitted numbers re-emerge, unfitted, at the percent level. The early measurement needs no new physics. The local 73.5 is then the puzzle — and not, this paper's audit finds, a settled consensus: the 2026 landscape's forty-five determinations span 67–73, the seven sigma certifying one superb network's internal agreement. The paper prices the local reading honestly: a derived +2–3% neighborhood lift, and a named, still-open calibration residual, confronted with the field's own published corrections. The referee is scheduled: gravitational-wave standard sirens read the rate with no ladder and no afterglow, and GG-Theory predicts they converge near 67 — about twenty-one events from now. Near 73, this paper is wrong, and says so in advance. Either way the century-old "constant" has finished its work: what remains to be tested is not a number but a law. Part of the GG-Theory program, a series of preprints developing a six-dimensional geometric framework and its consequences for particle physics, cosmology, and open-system dynamics. The complete series is available at https://preprints.arisaka-gg.org/

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Quality Education
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.