Copal Resin Extraction is not Associated with Negative Effects on Post-fertilization Reproductive Traits: Signs of Biocultural Conservation in Tropical Dry Forests

Abstract Bursera bipinnata is a tree species of high biocultural value in tropical dry forests; however, its natural regeneration is limited by low germination rates. This study evaluated the impact of resin tapping, a local management practice, on the post-fertilization reproductive biology of these trees through a comparison of managed and unmanaged trees. The research analyzed variables such as fruit quantity, seed mass, viability, and germination rates, utilizing hydropriming and seed storage. Results indicated that managed trees produced a significantly higher number of fruits ( p = 0.014) and greater seed mass ( t = 6.92, df = 1878, p = 5.88 × 10 –12 ). While viability remained similar across conditions ( X 2 = 0.2909, df = 1, p = 0.5896), managed trees showed a significantly higher germination percentage ( X 2 = 14.921, df = 1, p = 0.00011). Principal component analysis of the evaluated characters of gynoecious trees separates managed and unmanaged individuals based on differences in dendrometric and germination traits. Our results show that management has no negative effects on fruit production and seed mass, as well as germination dynamics. Managed populations exhibited shorter germination time, higher average germination speed, and reduced dormancy. These patterns suggest that human management of this species is sustainable and could reflect incipient domestication.