Simulating the stage: extended realities to support music performance preparation

Abstract Performance anxiety remains a common challenge for musicians, motivating growing interest in simulation-based approaches to performance preparation. This paper represents an exploratory empirical study of classical musicians’ experiences using the Performance Simulator , an immersive performance simulation environment that combines visual and acoustic cues designed to approximate live concert conditions. Eight student violinists and cellists participated in the convergent mixed-methods design. Each completed two 30-minute practice sessions using the simulator then performed for a small live audience. Qualitative and quantitative questionnaires captured participants’ perceptions of anxiety, confidence, the simulator’s effectiveness, and intentions for further use. Results showed decreases in self-reported performance anxiety and worry and a strong intent to incorporate use of such simulations in their training. This research offers new insights into how projection-based immersive simulations can be developed to best support musicians’ preparation for performance.