Quantum Complementarity and Temporality in Dialogue with Sikh Metaphysics: A Comparative Philosophical Study

Abstract: The interdisciplinary dialogue between physical science and religious philosophy has attracted considerable scholarly interest, especially concerning the nature of reality and consciousness. This paper compares the philosophical understanding of selected concepts in physics, such as wave–particle duality, the principle of complementarity, and temporality, with Sikh metaphysical thought concerning the individual self, its relation to the Universal Divine (Ik Oankar), and the self-existent, formless, and ultimately non-temporal reality (Akaal). The study employs a comparative framework that identifies structural similarities (isomorphisms) between the conceptual outcomes of physical theories and experiments and philosophical reflections in Sikh thought. The comparative analysis identifies certain distinctive resonances between concepts in physics and Sikh philosophical reflections, while maintaining that these concepts should not be treated as scientifically equivalent or directly interrelated. Spiritual or inner experience belongs to a different epistemological domain from the measurements and observations of the physical world.