Changes in Body Composition and Sexual Satisfaction Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Women with Obesity: A Prospective Study

Background: Obesity is associated with impaired health-related quality of life, including reduced sexual satisfaction. Metabolic and bariatric surgery leads to substantial weight loss and favorable changes in body composition; however, its association with sexual satisfaction as a health-related outcome remains insufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in body composition and sexual satisfaction six months following metabolic and bariatric surgery. Methods: This prospective study included 40 women with obesity who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery performed according to standard clinical indications and multidisciplinary team recommendations. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and sexual satisfaction was evaluated using the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale at baseline and six months postoperatively. Changes in anthropometric, body composition, and sexual satisfaction measures were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests. Results: Six months after surgery, significant changes were observed in body composition and sexual satisfaction. Median body weight decreased from 119.55 to 100.80 kg, BMI from 42.15 to 35.65 kg/m2, and visceral fat level from 14.50 to 11.00 (all p < 0.001). Although absolute skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly (28.40 to 26.30 kg, p < 0.001), its relative proportion increased (25.35% to 25.90%, p = 0.002). Median total NSSS score increased from 62.50 to 69.50, with significant improvements in both NSSS subscales (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Metabolic and bariatric surgery was associated with significant improvements in body composition and sexual satisfaction six months postoperatively. These findings suggest that improvements in physical health following metabolic and bariatric surgery may be accompanied by enhancements in sexual well-being.