Contamination Problems in the Micropropagation of Passiflora Species: Approaches for Control

Passiflora species are important plants widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to their diverse economic, nutritional, medicinal, and ornamental uses. Although conventional propagation methods are commonly employed, they are associated with several important limitations, including low multiplication rates, the risk of disease transmission, and genetic variability. Therefore, tissue culture techniques have emerged as an effective alternative, enabling the rapid production of genetically uniform and healthy plant material. However, one of the most critical factors limiting the success of Passiflora micropropagation is contamination. When not effectively controlled, contamination can inhibit regeneration and shoot development, and may ultimately lead to explant loss. For this reason, proper evaluation of contamination sources and the selection of appropriate sterilization and control methods are essential for a successful micropropagation process. This review comprehensively examines contamination problems encountered during the micropropagation of Passiflora species, the possible sources of contaminants, and the chemical and physical approaches used for their control based on current literature.