Seismic performance and wind-seismic response of steel–concrete hybrid wind turbine towers

Offshore wind turbines have been widely recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy generation and have attracted increasing attention in marine engineering. In this study, a detailed finite element model of a wind turbine tower of steel-concrete hybrid structure was developed in ABAQUS to investigate its dynamic response under the combined effects of wind and seismic action. Parametric analyses were subsequently conducted to examine the influence of key structural parameters on the mechanical behavior and seismic performance of the system. The numerical results show that the axial compression ratio and steel ratio are the primary factors governing the structural response, and their effects become more significant as the applied static load increases. By comparison, variations in steel strength have only a limited impact on the overall performance. Under rare earthquake actions, the structure experiences accelerated stiffness degradation and damage accumulation, leading to substantially more severe deterioration than that observed under frequent earthquakes. The coupling effect of wind and seismic actions also exhibits a noticeable influence on the displacement response. Specifically, the horizontal displacement gradually decreases with increasing loading angle; however, a reverse trend is observed when the angle approaches 90°, at which point the wind turbine tower reaches its highest stress level.