Factors associated with morbidity pattern among salt pan workers in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India: A community-based cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Salt pan work is a labor-intensive occupation involving prolonged exposure to solar radiation, heat stress, brine contact, salt dust, and repetitive physical activities. These hazards predispose workers to multisystem morbidity, compounded by low socioeconomic status and limited occupational protection. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the factors independently associated with morbidity patterns among salt pan workers in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months among 398 salt pan workers selected via multistage random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Associations between the variables were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated, and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Dermatological conditions were most common (64.3%), followed by ophthalmic problems (57.8%), urinary symptoms (53.5%), musculoskeletal disorders (40.5%), pallor (28.1%), respiratory symptoms (16.6%), and gastrointestinal complaints (14.8%). Brine work was independently associated with dermatological morbidity (AOR = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.42) and musculoskeletal morbidity (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.12–2.59). Monthly income of ₹10,000–₹20,000 was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.12–4.94; P = 0.023) and pallor (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.33–3.95; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Occupational role and socioeconomic status were independently associated with morbidity among salt pan workers. Targeted interventions, including the use of protective equipment, periodic screening, and enhanced healthcare access, are urgently needed.