Beyond Conventional PDOs: Organoids for Tumorigenesis for Gut Cancer Modeling and Fast Clinical Decision

ABSTRACT Reproducing tumor biology in vivo using three‐dimensional organoids remains a debated topic in the cancer organoid field, despite the new FDA framework for evaluating cancer drugs with organoid models. Compared with patient‐derived organoids (PDOs), which offer a humanized model for testing cancer therapies, organoids derived from normal stem cells primarily focus on elucidating mechanisms of tumor development and early prevention. To date, studies modeling colon cancer have successfully identified suitable pathways for organoid‐based tumorigenesis. In this perspective review, we provide insights into the potential use of tumorigenesis models and their key metrics, drawing on advances in gut medicine. Overall, developing personalized tumorigenic organoid models holds promise for future early diagnosis and clinical decision‐making.