The Formation of the Elemental Composition of Young Chardonnay Wine Through Fining with Organic Fining Agents

The paper shows the effect of organic fining agents on the formation of the elemental composition of young white wine of the Chardonnay variety. Substances of plant and animal origin and their mixtures were used as fining agents in the clarification of wines. The results were compared with clarification with activated calcium bentonite. In the untreated young wines from different areas of grape cultivation the concentrations of macroelements were 707–837 mg/L; minor elements—5.05–9.67 mg/L; microelements—0.033–0.058 mg/L; and rare earth elements (REEs)—0.001–1.350 µg/L. It was noted that organic agents have a smaller effect on the mineral composition of wine. The content of macroelements in wine decreased, regardless of the fining agent used (p < 0.01). After treatment with organic agents, the concentrations of Ti, Sr, Na and Ca increased, while the concentrations of Cu, Zr, Mo, Cs, Ba, W, Fe, Rb and K decreased. No increase in the REE content was observed. A moderate correlation (Pearson r = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44–0.85, n = 30, p < 0.0001) was established between the applied concentration of Na in wine and its concentration in the fining agent. Despite changes, the elemental “image” of wine allows us to correctly determine the geographical origin of the drink. The most reliable markers were Li and Mn.