Review of ZnO-Based Low-Dimensional Hybrid Heterojunctions: Enhancing Photoelectric Conversion through Interfacial Engineering

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO), as a wide-band-gap semiconductor, exhibits significant potential for applications in ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronic devices. Constructing low-dimensional hybrid heterojunctions with other semiconductor materials can effectively facilitate photocarrier separation and broaden the spectral range of the photoresponse. However, a key challenge for high-performance optoelectronic devices is the optimization of the interface quality of heterojunctions. Therefore, it is crucial to deeply reveal the intrinsic mechanisms to regulate the interface quality and develop feasible strategies to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of heterojunction devices. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in interface engineering strategies and their applications for ZnO-based low-dimensional hybrid heterojunctions. First, we introduce synthesis methods for low-dimensional ZnO nanomaterials and their heterojunctions along with an analysis of typical interfacial issues. Next, the impact of interface engineering strategies on optoelectronic performance is discussed in depth, addressing both the technical implementation and the underlying physical mechanism. Finally, the application of ZnO-based heterojunction devices is explored, including optical communication, imaging, flexible devices, and other optoelectronic device fields. This review provides a comprehensive guideline for the rational design and development of high-performance ZnO-based optoelectronic devices.