Intelligent optimization and coordinated control strategies for electric vehicles and renewable energy resources in smart distribution networks: a comprehensive review

Abstract The rapid integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) in modern distribution systems presents both challenges and opportunities for improving grid reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. This paper reviews recent optimization and control strategies for coordinated operation of EVs and RERs, covering areas such as demand-side management, energy storage coordination, voltage and frequency regulation, and power flow optimization. Various methodologies—including multi-agent systems, artificial intelligence, hybrid, and conventional optimization techniques—are analyzed. The impacts of EV charging behavior, grid stability, power quality, and smart communication integration are also discussed. The study provides insights for advancing intelligent, resilient, and sustainable smart grid systems.