Oral and Periodontal Manifestations in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Management Strategies.

PURPOSE: Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disorder that presents with various orofacial manifestations, which may influence oral health status and complicate dental management. This review sought to identify the oral and periodontal signs linked to systemic sclerosis, examine the specific oral health challenges faced by individuals with this condition, and outline their potential oral healthcare requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the available literature was undertaken to evaluate the reported oral and periodontal manifestations associated with systemic sclerosis and to assess their clinical implications. RESULTS: Orofacial manifestations of systemic sclerosis include skin fibrosis, reduced mouth opening, dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing, as well as a potential increased risk of tooth decay, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. These oral and periodontal characteristics, along with their associated complications, improve the understanding and anticipation of oral healthcare requirements for affected patients. CONCLUSION: Recognition of the oral and periodontal features of systemic sclerosis emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among dental professionals to enhance treatment planning and improve the quality of dental care delivered to this patient population.