Surrogate Modeling of the Electric Field in the End-Winding Region of Pumped-Storage Generator Stators Based on Deep Neural Networks

The end-winding insulation structure of stator windings in pumped-storage generator units is complex, with pronounced electric field concentration under out-of-phase conditions, making them critical concerns in insulation design and condition-based maintenance. Although the finite element method (FEM) offers reliable accuracy, the strong nonlinearity of the anti-corona layer results in a computation time exceeding 104 seconds per single solution, rendering it impractical for parameter optimization and rapid on-site assessment. This paper proposes a fast prediction method for end-region potential distribution based on a deep neural network (DNN). Taking a 334 MW unit as the research object, a three-dimensional electroquasistatic finite element model with six stator coils is established and validated through power-frequency withstand voltage and ultraviolet imaging experiments. Training samples are generated via design of experiments (DoE), and a multilayer DNN surrogate model with a 7-dimensional input (comprising 3D spatial coordinates and four physical parameters) and a 1-dimensional output is constructed to directly reconstruct the spatial potential field at the end region. The results demonstrate that the surrogate model achieves a maximum relative error of less than 2% along the entire path compared with the high-fidelity FEM solutions, with a single prediction time of approximately 38 s—representing a speedup factor of approximately 272—while also exhibiting good generalization capability. This method provides a feasible technical approach for rapid reconstruction of end-region field distribution and optimization of insulation structures.