Heat Transfer Analysis of Non-Newtonian Nanofluids Across a Horizontal Porous Surface Under Chemical Reaction

This work investigates the heat transfer behavior of ordinary Williamson and Williamson nanofluid flows over a horizontal porous surface under the influence of magnetic fields, solar radiation, binary chemical reactions, and activation energy. A mathematical model incorporating thermophoresis and Brownian motion is developed, and the governing boundary value problems are solved numerically using the shooting method. Comparative analysis of temperature profiles and heat transfer rates is presented through graphs and tables. The results demonstrate that Williamson nanofluids exhibit superior thermal performance owing to the inclusion of nanoparticles, underscoring their potential for diverse industrial applications. This study investigates the influence of cross-diffusion phenomena on the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics of a Jeffrey nanofluid confined within a Lorentz force driven stretchable channel. The rheological behavior of the non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid model is incorporated to account for relaxation and retardation effects, while the impact of an applied magnetic field introduces magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces into the system. The thermal analysis considers nonlinear radiation to capture high-temperature effects, and cross-diffusion mechanisms are modeled through the Soret and Dufour effects to describe coupled heat and mass transport. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically to examine the effects of key physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The cross-diffusion analysis demonstrates that an increase in the Dufour number significantly augments the temperature and velocity profiles due to energy flux induced by concentration gradients, while simultaneously diminishing the concentration distribution. In contrast, elevated values of the Soret number enhance both the concentration and velocity fields by intensifying mass diffusion driven by thermal gradients within the boundary layer.