Optimizing cord blood unit selection to improve survival after single‐unit unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome

Summary Unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an important alternative donor option for adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however, the prognostic significance of cord blood unit characteristics following CBT remains unclear and may vary according to disease risk. We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of 1767 adult patients with MDS who underwent first single‐unit CBT between 1999 and 2023, including 529 patients with low‐risk and 1238 with high‐risk disease at transplantation. Cord blood unit characteristics were not significantly associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with low‐risk MDS. In contrast, in patients with high‐risk MDS, higher cryopreserved cluster of differentiation (CD)34 + cell dose and higher colony‐forming unit–granulocyte/macrophage dose were associated with improved DFS, whereas human leucocyte antigen (HLA) serological one‐locus mismatch and female‐to‐male donor–recipient sex mismatch were independently associated with inferior DFS. Restricted cubic spline Cox regression demonstrated a significant non‐linear association between CD34 + cell dose and DFS, as well as relapse, in high‐risk MDS. These findings demonstrate that the prognostic impact of cord blood unit characteristics after single‐unit CBT differs according to MDS risk status and support a risk‐adapted approach to cord blood unit selection, particularly for patients with high‐risk MDS.

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Journal
British Journal of Haematology
Published
2026-09-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.70822
Primary Topic
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
Type
article
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article

Optimizing cord blood unit selection to improve survival after single‐unit unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome

Masatsugu Tanaka, Hidehiro Itonaga, Naoyuki Uchida, Yoshiko Matsuhashi et al.
British Journal of Haematology
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
article

Optimizing cord blood unit selection to improve survival after single‐unit unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome

Masatsugu Tanaka, Hidehiro Itonaga, Naoyuki Uchida, Yoshiko Matsuhashi, Masatoshi Sakurai, Kazuto Ogura, Yasufumi Uehara, Hiroki Hosoi, Machiko Fujioka, Yoshiko Atsuta, Fumihiko Ishimaru, Satoshi Takahashi, Junya Kanda, Makoto Onizuka, Kyoko Fuse, Takaaki Konuma, Marie Ohbiki, Naoyuki Anzai, Koji Kawamura, Tatsuya Suwabe, Takeshi Maeda, Atsushi Wake, Toshimitsu Ueki, Noriko Doki
article en

Abstract

Summary Unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an important alternative donor option for adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); however, the prognostic significance of cord blood unit characteristics following CBT remains unclear and may vary according to disease risk. We conducted a nationwide retrospective study of 1767 adult patients with MDS who underwent first single‐unit CBT between 1999 and 2023, including 529 patients with low‐risk and 1238 with high‐risk disease at transplantation. Cord blood unit characteristics were not significantly associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with low‐risk MDS. In contrast, in patients with high‐risk MDS, higher cryopreserved cluster of differentiation (CD)34 + cell dose and higher colony‐forming unit–granulocyte/macrophage dose were associated with improved DFS, whereas human leucocyte antigen (HLA) serological one‐locus mismatch and female‐to‐male donor–recipient sex mismatch were independently associated with inferior DFS. Restricted cubic spline Cox regression demonstrated a significant non‐linear association between CD34 + cell dose and DFS, as well as relapse, in high‐risk MDS. These findings demonstrate that the prognostic impact of cord blood unit characteristics after single‐unit CBT differs according to MDS risk status and support a risk‐adapted approach to cord blood unit selection, particularly for patients with high‐risk MDS.

British Journal of Haematology
Tokai University (JP), Aichi Medical University (JP), Kawasaki Medical School (JP), Wakayama Medical University (JP), Keio University (JP), Kyoto University (JP), Japanese Red Cross Society, Japan (JP), Kanagawa Prefectural Hospital Organization (JP), Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital (JP), Kurashiki Central Hospital (JP), Sasebo City General Hospital (JP), Tottori University Hospital (JP), Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center (JP), Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital (JP), Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital (JP), Nagano Red Cross Hospital (JP), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (JP), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital (JP), The Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JP), Nagasaki University Hospital (JP), Toranomon Hospital (JP), Kanagawa Cancer Center, The University of Tokyo (JP)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
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